They are hardy zones 4 to 8 ( 3 with deep mulch ) mostly prefer full sun ( tolerant of shade during summer but not spring ) on fertile, well drained soil. Plant 5 to 14 ( 5 inches for most wildflower Tulips ) inches deep depending on variety and soil conditions. They are typically planted about 6 inches apart. Tulips are best planted during mid autumn but can be planted into early winter in zones 7 and 8. Deadhead the old blooms but do not remove foliage until it naturally turns yellow or you will starve the plant.
Tulips can be planted in groundcover ( often prevents squirrel predation ) or with ornamental grasses to hide the foliage which tends to be unattractive after blooming is finished.
Propagation is from offsets. They can also be propagated from seed but will take a few years to flower.
* photo taken on April 11 2010 @ U.S. National Arboretum
* photos taken on April 13 2010 in Howard County, MD
* photos taken on April 14 2011 in Columbia, MD
* photos taken on Apr 14 2016 in Columbia, MD
* photos taken on Apr 22 2016 in Columbia, MD
Tulipa acuminata ( Horned Tulip )
Reaches up to 2 feet, with narrow leaves, up to 8 x 2 inches.
The yellow ( streaked red ) flowers, up to 5 inches in length, with narrow twisted petals, are borne during mid to late spring.
Hardy zones 3 to 8
Tulipa aucherana
Reaches up to 8 x 4 inches, and is native to Iran.
The leaves, up to 5 inches in length, are green.
The fragrant, star-shaped, rose-pink ( centered yellow ) flowers, up to 2 inches, are borne early spring.
Hardy zones 3 to 8
Tulipa bakeri
Reaches up to 6 inches in height. Blooms during mid spring and looks great mixed with daffodils.
Hardy zones 5 to 9
* excellent photo link found on internet
http://plants.nature4stock.com/?page_id=2220
Tulipa batalinii
Reaches up to 14 ( rarely over 7 ) inches in height, and is native to southern Russia.
The narrow leaves are grayish-blue.
The fragrant, pale yellow flowers, up to 2.3 inches, are borne early spring
The flowers have pointed petals.
Hardy zones 3 to 8, requires hot summers and very well drained soil. Very drought tolerant while dormant.
'Bronze Charm'
Shorter in height with apricot-orange and bronze flowers.
Tulipa biebersteiniana
Reaching up to 16 inches, with lance-shaped gray-green leaves, it bears bright golden-yellow flowers during mid-spring.
It is native to the western Russia to western Siberia; south to the Balkans and the Caucasus. It is endangered in much of its range.
Hardy zones 4 ( 3 on protected sites ) in full sun on dryish, light, well drained soil.
Tulipa biflora
Long lived, reaching up to 10 inches in height.
The narrow, grayish leaves, are up to 6 inches in length.
The white ( with yellow center ), star-shaped flowers, up to 1.6 inches, are borne 1 to 5 ( typically 2 ) to a stem during early spring.
The flowers are shaded red and green on the outside.
Hardy zones 3 to 9. Requires well drained soil.
Tulipa clusiana ( Lady Tulip )
Stoloniferous spreading, reaching up to 15 inches in height. It is great for naturalizing. It is native from Iran to the Himalayas.
The very narrow, erect leaves, up to 12 x 0.3 inches, are gray-green.
The fragrant, white ( with red banded outer petals ) flowers, up to 2.4 inches in length, are borne mid spring. The flowers open star-shaped.
Hardy zones 4 to 8. Requires hot summers and well drained soil.
'Chrysantha'
Reaches up to 8 inches in height, with yellow ( red banded outside ) flowers that have no blotch.
'Stellata'
The white flowers are blotched yellow and are red tinged on the outside.
Tulipa dubia
Reaching only 6 inches in height, this is one of the worlds rarest Tulips.
The foliage is grayish and often streaked purple.
The very beautiful flowers are intense golden-yellow, multicolored with deep pink on the outside.
Haardy zones 4 to 7.
Tulipa eichleri
Reaches up to 20 x 10 inches, and is native to
The leaves, up to 8 inches in length, are glaucous blue.
The glossy intense scarlet-red flowers, up to 4 inches in length, are borne mid spring.
Hardy zones 3 to 8
'Excelsa'
Darker flowers.
Tulipa fosteriana
Reaching up to 26 x 8 inches, it is native to central Asia.
The broad leaves, up to 12 x 6.3 inches, are gray-green.
The brilliant, scarlet-red flowers, up to 4 inches, are borne during mid-spring.
The flowers open flat. Many of the hybrids listed below have larger flowers, up to 6 inches in length, and opening up to 8 inches across.
Hardy zones 3 to 8
'Cantata'
Reaches up to 10 inches, with glossy foliage and intense scarlet-red flowers.
'Purissima'
Flowers are white and centered yellow.
'Red Emperor'
Intense glowing scarlet-red flowers.
Tulipa greigii
Reaches up to 2 ( rarely over 1 ) feet x 6 inches, and is native to central Asia. Excellent for bedding, rock gardens and containers.
The wavy leaves, up to 13 x 6.3 inches, are gray-green and mottled purplish-brown.
The orange-scarlet flowers, up to 6 inches in length, are borne during early spring.
The flowers on the cultivars are large, ranging from 4 to 4.7 x 5 inches, borne during mid spring.
Hardy zones 3 to 8
* photos taken on May 1 2014 in Columbia, MD
* historic archive photo
* photos taken on Apr 12 2017 in Columbia, MD
'Cape Cod'
Orange with yellow edging on the outside, bronzish-yellow on the inside.
'Plaisir'
Reaches up to 6 inches in height, with creamy-white flowers that are striped intense scarlet-red.
'Red Riding Hood'
Reaching up to 8 inches with intense scarlet-red flowers with a black base.
Tulipa hageri
Reaches up to 1 foot x 8 inches, and is native to southeast Europe.
The leaves, up to 8 inches in length, are narrow and edged in red.
The deep orangish-red flowers, up to 2.3 inches in length, are borne 2 to a stem during early spring.
Hardy zones 3 to 8
Tulipa kaufmanniana ( Water-Lily Tulip )
Reaches up to 20 x 6 ( rarely over 10 ) inches, and is native to central Asia. They naturalize easily and are excellent for edging, rock gardens and in containers.
The oblong leaves, up to 10 inches in length, are glaucous-green.
The flat, star-shaped, white ( with red flushing ) flowers, up to 4.3 inches in length, are borne during early spring
Hardy zones 3 to 8
'Daylight'
Scarlet-red and yellow flowers.
'Shakespeare'
Flowers are deep red with salmon-pink edging on the outside, salmon-red and golden-yellow at the base on the inside.
'Stresa'
The flowers are scarlet-red and edged yellow on the outside, golden-yellow with red blotching on the inside.
'The First'
The white ( shaded deep red on the outside ) flowers are borne very early.
Tulipa kolpakowskiana
Reaches up to 10 inches in height, and is native to
The leaves are up to 8 inches in length.
The flat, starry, yellow ( red shaded outside ) flowers, up to 2 inches, are borne during early spring.
Hardy zones 3 to 8
Tulipa linifolia
Reaches up to 1 foot x 8 inches, and is native to southern Russia; south to Iran to Afghanistan.
The very narrow, gray-green leaves, borne in a rosette, are edged in red.
The glossy, scarlet-red flowers, up to 2.3 inches, are borne during early spring.
Hardy zones 4 to 8
Tulipa marjolettii
Reaches up to 2 feet in height.
The pale yellow ( red shaded on the outside ) flowers, up to 2.3 inches in length, are borne very late in spring.
Hardy zones 3 to 8
Tulipa maximowiczii
Very similar to Tulipa linifolia except blooming slightly earlier, reaching up to 1 foot in height.
The linear leaves are gray-green.
The scarlet-red flowers during mid-spring have a smaller blue-black blotch.
Hardy zones 3 to 8 in full sun on well drained soil.
Tulipa montana
Reaching up to 10 inches, and is native to Afghanistan.
The glaucous-blue leaves are edged in red.
The deep red ( with a blue-black basal blotch ) flowers are borne during mid spring.
Hardy zones 3 to 8
Tulipa persica
Reaches up to 1 foot in height, and is native to
The narrow leaves are deep green with a red edge.
The fragrant, light yellow ( tinged bronze ), star-shaped flowers, up to 1.6 inches in length, are borne 2 to 3 per stem during very late spring.
Hardy zones 3 to 8
Tulipa polychroma
Reaches up to 5 inches in height, and is native to the mountains of northern Iran and Afghanistan.
The fragrant, white ( centered yellow ) flowers are borne up to 5 on a stem during early spring.
Hardy zones 4 to 8. Drought tolerant.
Tulipa praecox
Sturdy in habit, reaching up to 20 inches in height, and spreading by underground stolons.
The leaves, up to 12 inches, are glaucous-blue.
The red ( with dark basal blotch edged in yellow ), very wide opening flowers, up to 4 inches in length, are borne early spring.
Hardy zones 3 to 8
Tulipa praestans
Reaches up to 2 x 1 ( rarely over 1 ) feet, and is native to central Asia especially southern Russia, Kazakhstan & Tajikistan.
The ribbed, lance-shaped leaves, up to 10 inches in length, are gray-green.
The deep orange-red, cup-shaped flowers, up to 2.8 inches in length, are borne 3 to 5 per stem during early spring.
Hardy zones 4 to 8.
'Fusilier'
The flowers are intense orange-scarlet.
Tulipa pulchella
Reaches up to 1 foot x 6 inches, and is native to western Asia.
Excellent for rock gardens and also great for naturalizing.
The narrow leaves, up to 6 inches in length, are green.
The fragrant, deep red to purple ( with bluish center that is edged white ), wide opening flowers, up to 2 inches, are borne late winter.
Hardy zones 4 to 8 on well drained soil.
'Humilis'
Purplish-pink ( yellow centered ) flowers.
'Violacea'
Purplish-red ( yellow centered ) flowers.
Tilipa saxatilis
Reaches up to 8 x 8 inches, it is great for naturalizing as it spreads by runners.
The linear leaves are glossy mid-green.
Hardy zones 5 to 8 ( 4 on protected sites with deep winter mulch ). This is among the best Tulips for the hot humid southeast.
The pinkish-lavender ( with a yellow base ) flowers are borne during mid-spring.
* excellent photo link found on internet
http://plants.nature4stock.com/?page_id=2104
Tulipa sprengeri
Reaching up to 20 inches in height, it is native to Turkey where it is now extinct. It is great for naturalizing.
The linear leaves are glossy mid-green.
The flowers are intense orange to scarlet-red.
Hardy zones 5 to 8.
Tulipa sylvestris
Rapid growing and stoloniferous spreading, reaching up to 1.5 x 0.5 feet, and is native to Europe.
The narrow leaves, up to 12 inches in length, are gray-green.
The fragrant, yellow flowers, up to 2.8 inches, are borne mid-spring.
The flowers are nodding in bud and multiple flowers ( up to 7 ) may be borne on a stem.
Hardy zones 4 to 8 in partial shade. Drought tolerant.
* historic archive photo
Tulipa tarda
Rosette forming, underground stoloniferous spreading, reaching up to 9 x 8 inches, and is native to Turkestan. The long-lived Tulip can be used as seasonal groundcover.
The lance-shaped leaves, up to 9 inches, are glossy bright green.
The very showy, white ( with yellow center ), star-shaped flowers, up to 2 inches, are borne 1 to 5 per stem during early spring.
Hardy zones 3 to 8 in full sun to partial shade, easy to grow if soil is very well drained.
Tulipa tubergeniana
Reaching up to 1 foot in height.
The leaves, up to 12 inches in length, are glaucous-blue.
The glossy, intense scarlet-red flowers, up to 4 inches, are borne mid-spring.
The flowers have a greenish-black basal blotch that is edged yellow.
'Keukenhof'
Miltiple flowered.
Tulipa turkestanica
Fast spreading, reaching up to 1 foot x 10 inches, and is native to central Asia.
The linear leaves, up to 8 inches in length, are glaucous-blue.
The creamy-white ( with orangish-yellow center ), star-like flowers, up to 1.6 inches in length, are borne 2 ( sometimes as much as 5 ) on a stem during early spring.
Hardy zones 4 to 8
Tulipa urumiensis
Reaching up to 8 x 6 inches, and is native to Turkey and Iran.
The prostrate, linear leaves, up to 4.8 x 0.3 inches, are mid-green.
The golden-yellow, star-like flowers, up to 1.6 inches, are borne 3 to 5 on a stem during mid-spring.
The flowers are bronze while in bud.
Hardy zones 3 to 8
Tulipa wilsoniana
Reaching up to 10 inches, and is native to Afghanistan.
The glaucous-blue leaves are edged in red.
The deep red ( with a black basal blotch ) flowers are borne during mid spring.
Hardy zones 3 to 8
HYBRIDS
* photos taken on April 17 2011 in Columbia, MD
DARWIN HYBRIDS
These are the hybrids between Tulipa fosteriana and the Darwins, reaching 2 to 2.5 feet x 8 inches. The huge, cupped flowers, up to 5 x 6 to 8 inches, are borne on strong stems during mid spring.
It is recommended to plant the bulbs at 8 inches in depth.
'Apeldoorn'
Flowers are intense bright orange-red
'Golden Apeldorn'
Golden-yellow flowers
'Golden Parade'
* photos taken on Apr 20 2019 in Columbia, MD
'Holland's Glorie'
Huge, intense bright orange-red flowers.
DOUBLE EARLY
Reaches up to 16 x 6 inches, with very double, wide opening flowers, 2.3 to 3 x 4 inches, that persist over a long season during early spring. The leaves are lance-shaped.
Excellent for massing but best on a site protected from excessive wind.
'Electra'
Intense deep red flowers.
'Monsella'
Late golden-yellow flowers that are streaked with scarlet-red.
* photos taken on May 1 2014 in Columbia, MD
'Peach Blossom'
Deep rose-pink flowers.
'Schoonoord'
Glossy pure white flowers.
'Willemsoord'
Bright green leaves and deep red flowers that are edged in white.
DOUBLE LATE
Reaching 16 to 24 x 6 inches, with spectacular, very double flowers borne on sturdy stalks during mid to late spring.
Prefers a site protected from excessive wind.
'Angelique'
Whitish-pink shaded deeper pink.
* photos taken on May 3 2020 in Columbia, MD
* photos taken on Nov 19 2023 in Columbia, MD
'Gold Metal'
Flowers are golden-yellow.
'Mount Tacoma'
Pure white flowers
'Orange Triumph'
Flowers are deep orange with golden-yellow edging.
'Redwood'
Reaches up to 16 inches in height, with huge, double, scarlet-red flowers. There are 3 to 4 flowers per stem. The foliage is gray-green.
* photos taken on May 3 2020 in Columbia, MD
'Symphonia'
Deep red flowers.
LILY FLOWERED
Reaches 18 to 26 x 6 inches, with elegant, showy, pointed-petalled, vase-shaped flowers, reaching up to 8 x 3 inches. The flowers are borne on strong stems during late spring. They do however prefer a site protected from excessive wind.
'Aladdin'
Deep red flowers that are edged in golden-yellow.
'China Pink'
Rosey-pink flowers.
'Mariette'
Intense deep rosey-pink flowers
'Maytime'
Deep violet-red flowers sometimes with a very narrow white edge.
'Queen of Sheba'
Reaches up to 2 feet with glowing bronze-red flowers with a thin orange edge.
'Red Shine'
Deep red flowers.
'West Point'
Deep yellow flowers
'White Triumphator'
Pure white flowers.
PARROT
Reaches 2o to 26 x 8 inches, with frilled flowers, up to 4.7 inches across, borne over a long season.
Prefers a site protected from excessive wind.
'Black Parrot'
Reaches up to 20 inches, with purplish-black flowers.
'Blue Parrot'
Violet-blue flowers.
'Estella Rijnveld'
Flowers are white and red.
'Fantasy'
Flowers are rosey-pink with some green streaking.
'Flaming Parrot'
Flowers are yellow with scarlet-red flaming.
'Lucky Parrot'
* photos taken on Apr 22 2019 in Columbia, MD
'Orange Favorite'
Fragrant deep orange flowers with green blotching.
'Texas Flame'
Reaches up to 1.5 feet with flowers that are intense golden-yellow with red markings.
* photos taken on Apr 16 2024 in Columbia, MD
'Texas Gold'
Flowers are dark yellow with red edging.
'White Parrot'
White flowers.
SINGLE EARLY
Reaches from 1 to 2 feet in height and 4 to 6 inches across, with cup-shaped flowers, up to 4.4 x 3.2 inches, that often open broadly, borne during early spring.
Great for landscape bedding. Tolerant of wind.
'Apricot Beauty'
Orangish-pink flowers with red tinge. The flowers fade to soft orange.
'Bellona'
Fragrant, golden-yellow flowers.
'Brilliant'
Intense orange-red flowers with a deeper basal blotch.
'Diana'
Flowers are pure white.
'Grand Duc'
Intense scarlet-red flowers with a broad yellow edge.
'General de Wet'
The glowing orange flowers are suffused with golden-yellow.
'Pink Beauty'
The deep pink flowers are white striped.
'Prince Carnival'
The fragrant flowers are yellow with deep red vertical blotching.
'Purple Prince'
* photos taken on Apr 15 2020 in Ellicott City, MD
* photos taken on Apr 25 2020 in Columbia, MD
'Ruby Red'
Intense scarlet-red flowers.
'Van der Neer'
Purple-violet flowers.
SINGLE LATE HYBRIDS
Reaching from 20 inches to 3 feet x 8 inches, with leaves up to 14 inches in length.
The flowers are large, up to 6.7 x 4.8 inches, typically with pointed petals. The flowers are often multi-flowered, borne during late spring.
They are great for landscape bedding.
'Balalaika'
Intense deep red flowers.
'Bleu Aimable'
Spectacular violet-blue flowers.
'Georgette'
Deep yellow flowers edged deep red
'Golden Harvest'
Bright yellow flowers.
'Maureen'
Reaches up to 28 inches with flowers that are white and suffused with creamy-white.
'Most Miles'
Glowing deep red flowers.
'Niphetos'
Flowers are creamy-yellow.
'Orange Bouquet'
Intense reddish-orange flowers with a yellow base.
'Princess Margaret Rose'
Flowers are yellow and edged in orangish-red.
'Queen of Night'
Reaches up to 2.5 feet with deep velvet-purple to maroon black flowers.
'Snowpeak'
White flowers
'Sunkist'
Deep yellow flowers.
TRIUMPH HYBRIDS
Reaches 16 to 20 x 8 inches, with flowers 3 to 4 x 2 to 4.7 inches, that are conical at first, opening to rounded. The flowers are borne on sturdy stems that are resistant to wind and heavy rain. The flowers appear during mid-spring.
Excellent for bedding.
'Athleet'
White flowers.
'Attila'
Bright purple-violet flowers.
'Bestseller'
Orange flowers that are suffused watermelon-pink.
'Garden Party'
Flowers are white with deep reddish-pink edging.
'Invasion'
Flowers are orangish-red with creamy-white edging.
'Kansas'
White flowers.
'Ringo'
Deep red flowers are edged yellow.
'Tambour Maitre'
Intense scarlet-red flowers.
Additional Photos - Personal
* photos taken on Apr 18 2011 in Columbia, MD
Additional Photos - Other
* photos taken on Mar 26 2012 in Columbia, MD
* photos taken on Mar 22 2012 in Columbia, MD
* photos taken on Apr 17 2014 in Columbia, MD
* photos taken on May 1 2014 in Columbia, MD
* photos taken on Apr 22 2016 in Columbia, MD
* photos taken on Apr 12 2017 in Columbia, MD
* photos taken on Apr 18 2017 in Columbia, MD
* historic archive photo
* photos taken on Apr 23 2017 @ Brookside Gardens, Wheaton, MD
* photos taken on Apr 20 2018 in Columbia, MD
* photo taken on May 1 2018 in Odenton, MD
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